Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system. Distinguish between acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system. Distinguish between acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
But one thing is unchanged in pancreatitis: the old way of life and nutrition will remain in the past, because the basis of pancreatitis treatment is an almost permanent diet. The pancreas does not forgive mistakes in nutrition, immediately responding with pain and indigestion.
Basics of pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an acquired disease, it develops as a result of abdominal trauma, viral damage to the pancreas, due to liver and gallbladder disorders, after poisoning with alcohol and other toxic substances, with frequent and severe nutritional disorders - fastingprolonged, sitting on diets to lose weight.
The main signs of pancreatitis are:
- abdominal pain - sharp, dagger-like, almost to the point of unconsciousness in acute pancreatitis, or dull or aching in the chronic version;
- nausea and vomiting;
- stool disorders, more often severe diarrhea, fever;
- drastic weight loss.
Acute pancreatitis is usually hospitalized. Chronic exacerbations can be treated at home, but only under the supervision of a doctor. Self-medication in pancreatitis is dangerous with the development of complications up to pancreatic necrosis (enzymatic fusion of glandular tissue, self-digestion of the gland) and the development of peritonitis, which is fatal.
Nutritional therapy for pancreatitis
Drug, enzyme and diet therapy for pancreatitis is selected by the doctor based on the patient's condition and test data. However, the general principles of diet correction always remain approximately the same. They give digestion and pancreas rest, which means that they reduce pain and normalize well-being.
Nutrition in pancreatitis is severely limited: most of the usual products will have to be forgotten.It is necessary to eat often, about 5-6 times a day - every 2, 5-3 hours, with a break for 8 hours of sleep. But the portions by volume should be small - about 200-250 g, especially the first time after the exacerbation of the disease.
All dishes are mechanically processed - they are almost all used in the form of puree. So, when the inflammation subsides, larger particles appear in the food, but it is necessary to chew it thoroughly.
Since the whole body suffers from insufficient nutrient supply in pancreatitis, must increase the protein component of the diet (meat, fish, dairy products) - on average, up to 140-150 g of protein per day.
But fats and carbohydrates, which strain the pancreas, are limited to the minimum possible. About 300 g of carbohydrates per day are given, fat - no more than 70-80 g.
Products that have a sokogonny effect - broths from meat and fish, cabbage juice and broth - are removed from the diet; for the duration of a severe pain attack, therapeutic fasting is recommended for a period of 1-2 days under the supervision of a physician.
In case of pancreatitis, it is necessary to drink more fluids -it is recommended to drink up to 2 liters of clean water per day, approximately every half hour to take 2-3 sips of water during the day.
Of course, with pancreatitis, you have to completely stop smoking and consuming alcohol. They are the most powerful provocateurs of seizures.
What to exclude?
The list of prohibited foods will become quite impressive and can be daunting at first. However, without adhering to these restrictions, relief can be expected for a long time. Gradually, you can carefully expand your diet, adhering to the general principles of good nutrition.
So, for the entire acute period or the moment of exacerbation of the chronic process, it is necessary to exclude:
- beet soup, cabbage and borscht soup, okroshka, meat soups, mushroom and fish broths, broths themselves;
- fatty meat - pork, lamb, goose and duck;
- offal - kidneys, heart, brain, liver;
- Fried, smoked, salty and spicy dishes;
- canned foods;
- sausages;
- fatty fish (catfish, star sturgeon, carp); caviar;
- lard, margarine, mayonnaise;
- fatty dairy products - cream, sour cream, koumiss;
- yolks, hard-boiled eggs;
- side dishes of millet, corn, barley, beans;
- cabbage, turnips, radishes, radishes, turnips, aubergines, onions and garlic, sorrel, cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers;
- citrus fruits, apples (sour varieties), grapes, pomegranates, cranberries;
- chocolate, preserves;
- spicy fries, sauces, marinades, vinegar, ketchup;
- all carbonated drinks, even mineral water (you can only without gas);
- strong tea and coffee, juices, cocoa;
- all fresh baked goods and pastries, pancakes, cakes, shortbread cookies.
As you can see, the list of restrictions is quite extensive, but this only applies to the duration of the acute process. Then gradually you can gradually expand the diet, but the annoying and "heavy" dishes will have to be forgotten almost forever.
What can you eat?
This is the first question that arises after reading the ban list. Sure, the diet isn't very varied, but it aims to keep the pancreas calm and reduce inflammation.
Allowed:
- yesterday's dry bread, croutons;
- vegetable and pasta soups;
- steamed meat and poultry dishes - cutlets, meatballs, rolls, pates, mashed meat;
- boiled (lean) fish fillet, baked fish, omelette;
- milk, cottage cheese, low-fat and sweet cheese, kefir;
- vegetable oils and butter (in porridge);
- vegetable purees and stews, boiled vegetables;
- pasta, noodles, from cereals - oatmeal, semolina, buckwheat, rice;
- unsweetened baked fruit (pears, apples, peaches, plums);
- compote, jelly, jelly;
- Rosehip decoctions, herbal teas, bran drink.
Obviously the diet is limited, but in consultation with your doctor, you will gradually expand your menu.
Sample menu
It is worth remembering that this menu can be used at home, when the exacerbation subsides, fasting and the gradual introduction of food are prescribed in the acute stage of pancreatitis. When drawing up a diet, remember: there should be at least five meals, which are approximately equal in calorie content and load on digestion.
Menu for pancreatitis for 5 days
First day
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (no gas! ).
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelette - 100 g, dry white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, zucchini puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, rosehip broth - 200 ml, one third of a banana.
- Afternoon snack: fruit jelly - 100 g, fat-free cottage cheese -100 g, natural mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatball - 2 pieces, weak tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
Second day
- Breakfast: buckwheat porridge -200 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of tea with milk.
- Second breakfast: Steamed beef cutlet - 100 g, carrot souffle - 200 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of dried fruit compote.
- Lunch: noodle soup - 200 ml, boiled chicken - 100 g, vegetable puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, mineral water - 200 ml, half baked pear.
- Afternoon snack: apple sauce - 200 g, natural mineral water - 200 ml, Maria cookies - 100 g.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes -200 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, a sandwich with cheese (30 g of cheese, a slice of toast), weak tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
Third day
- Breakfast: pumpkin and pumpkin puree - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (no gas! ).
- Second breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, half cooked pear, dry white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of compote.
- Lunch: broccoli soup - 200 ml, boiled meat, minced into mashed potatoes - 100 g, mashed potatoes - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, chamomile - 200 ml.
- Afternoon snack: vegetable stew - 200 g, cheese - 50 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge -200 g, kefir - 200 g, half a banana, a slice of white bread.
Fourth day
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (no gas! ).
- Second breakfast: rice porridge - 200 g, dried white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, carrot puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, rosehip broth - 200 ml, a third of banana.
- Afternoon snack: omelette - 100 g, baked sweet apple, natural mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatball - 2 pieces, weak tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
Fifth day
- Breakfast: oatmeal -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatball - 2 pieces, weak tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelette - 100 g, dry white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: noodle soup - 200 ml, steamed fish cutlet - 100 g, pumpkin puree with carrots - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, rosehip broth - 200 ml, Maria cookies - 2 pcs.
- Afternoon snack: cooked fruit - 100 g, fat-free cottage cheese -100 g, natural mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (natural! ).
By following the advice of the doctor, strict adherence to the diet and observance of all prescriptions, you can quickly get relief. But a fairly strict diet with "heavy" food restriction will last from 3 to 6 months. And then you will have to constantly limit fatty, fried, spice and canned foods.